How Do You Know When to Use in-quote Citations
How to Quote | Commendation Examples in APA, MLA & Chicago
Quoting ways copying a passage of someone else's words and crediting the source. To quote a source, you must ensure:
- The quoted text is enclosed in quotation marks or formatted equally a cake quote.
- The original author is correctly cited.
- The text is identical to the original.
The verbal format of a quote depends on how long it is and which citation manner you are using. Quoting and citing correctly is essential to avoid plagiarism.
How to cite a quote in APA, MLA and Chicago
Every fourth dimension you quote, you must cite the source correctly. This looks slightly dissimilar depending on the citation style you lot're using. Three of the most common styles are APA, MLA, and Chicago.
Citing a quote in APA Style
To cite a straight quote in APA, y'all must include the writer'due south last name, the year, and a folio number, all separated past commas. If the quote appears on a single page, use "p."; if it spans a page range, use "pp."
An APA in-text citation can be parenthetical or narrative. In a parenthetical citation, you lot identify all the information in parentheses subsequently the quote. In a narrative citation, you name the author in your sentence (followed by the year), and place the page number after the quote.
Punctuation marks such every bit periods and commas are placed after the citation, non within the quotation marks.
- Evolution is a gradual procedure that "can deed only by very short and slow steps" (Darwin, 1859, p. 510).
- Darwin (1859) explains that development "can act only by very brusque and slow steps" (p. 510).
Citing a quote in MLA Style
An MLA in-text commendation includes simply the author's last name and a page number. Every bit in APA, it can be parenthetical or narrative, and a period (or other punctuation mark) appears after the commendation.
- Development is a gradual process that "tin act only past very short and slow steps" (Darwin 510).
- Darwin explains that evolution "can human action only by very brusk and deadening steps" (510).
Citing a quote in Chicago Style
There are two versions of Chicago Style citation: the writer-engagement system, and the notes and bibliography system.
The author-date system looks like to APA: yous include the author, year, and folio number in parentheses.
- Evolution is a gradual process that "can human activity simply by very short and tiresome steps" (Darwin 1859, 510).
- Darwin (1859) explains that evolution "can human activity only by very curt and tiresome steps" (510).
The notes and bibliography system uses footnotes to cite sources. A annotation, indicated past a superscript number placed directly later the quote, specifies the author, championship, and folio number—or sometimes fuller information.
Unlike with parenthetical citations, in this style, the catamenia or other punctuation mark should announced within the quotation marks, followed past the footnote number.
i. Darwin, The Origin of the Species, 510.
In all styles, you lot also need to list all the sources you cited at the stop of your newspaper. The requirements for formatting this listing vary by commendation mode.
APA Reference PageMLA Works CitedChicago Bibliography
Block quotes
If you lot quote more than than a few lines from a source, you lot must format it as a block quote. Instead of using quotation marks, you fix the quote on a new line and indent it then that it forms a separate block of text.
| Citation style | When to block quote |
|---|---|
| APA |
|
| MLA |
|
| Chicago |
|
Cake quoting is most common in literary analysis, where detailed analysis of the original text requires you to quote at length.
Block quotes are cited the same equally regular quotes, except that if the quote ends with a menstruum, the citation appearsafter the flow.
To the end of his days Bilbo could never retrieve how he found himself outside, without a lid, a walking-stick or whatever money, or anything that he usually took when he went out; leaving his second breakfast half-finished and quite unwashed-up, pushing his keys into Gandalf's hands, and running every bit fast as his furry feet could deport him downwardly the lane, past the slap-up Mill, across The Water, and so on for a mile or more. (sixteen)
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Introducing quotes
Avoid including quotations as entire stand-lonely sentences. Each time you quote, you must introduce it in your ain words. This shows the reader why you're including the quote and how it relates to your argument.
There are iii main strategies yous can use to innovate quotes in a grammatically correct fashion. The following examples use APA Fashion citations, just these strategies tin can exist used in all styles.
Introductory judgement
Introduce the quote with a total sentence followed by a colon.
If you proper name the author in your sentence, you may use nowadays-tense verbs, such equally states,argues,explains, writes, orreports, to describe the content of the quote.
- In Denmark, a contempo poll shows that support for the European union has grown since the Brexit vote: "A membership plebiscite held today would be backed by 55 percent of Danish voters" (Levring, 2018, p. 3).
- Levring (2018) reports that support for the EU has grown since the Brexit vote: "A membership referendum held today would be backed by 55 percent of Danish voters" (p. 3).
Introductory indicate phrase
Utilise a signal phrase that mentions the author or source, just doesn't course a full sentence. In this case, y'all follow the phrase with a comma instead of a colon.
- According to a recent poll, "A membership plebiscite held today would be backed by 55 per centum of Danish voters" (Levring, 2018, p. three).
- As Levring (2018) explains, "A membership referendum held today would exist backed by 55 per centum of Danish voters" (p. 3).
Integrated into your own sentence
To quote a phrase that doesn't form a total sentence, you can too integrate information technology as part of your judgement.
- A recent poll suggests that EU membership "would exist backed by 55 percent of Danish voters" in a plebiscite (Levring, 2018, p. iii).
- Levring (2018) reports that EU membership "would be backed by 55 pct of Danish voters" in a plebiscite (p. iii).
Shortening a quote
If some parts of a passage are redundant or irrelevant, y'all tin can shorten the quote by removing words, phrases, or sentences and replacing them with three dots, chosen an ellipsis. Most way guides specify that there should be a space before, after, and between each of the dots.
When you shorten a quote, be conscientious that removing the words doesn't change the meaning. The ellipsis indicates that some text has been removed, but the shortened quote should still accurately correspond the author's point.
When should yous use quotes?
In bookish papers and essays, you should avert relying too heavily on quotes. When you want to refer to information or ideas from a source, it'southward ofttimes best to paraphrase, which means putting the passage in your own words. This shows that y'all have fully understood the text and ensures your own voice is dominant.
Nonetheless, at that place are some situations in which quotes are more than advisable.
When focusing on language
If you want to comment on how the author uses language (for example, in papers about literature, linguistics, communication and media), it is necessary to quote so that the reader can see the exact passage you are referring to.
When giving testify
To convince the reader of your statement, interpretation or position on a topic, it's often helpful to include quotes that back up your indicate. Quotes from primary sources (for example, interview transcripts or historical documents) are especially credible as testify.
When presenting an author's position or definition
When you're referring to secondary sources such as scholarly books and journal articles, the occasional concise quote can be used to nowadays other authors' theories, arguments or ideas. You can quote to bear witness that your signal is supported by an authority on the topic, or to critique a position that you disagree with.
Try to put others' ideas in your own words when possible. Simply if a passage does a great task at expressing, explaining, or defining something, and it would be very difficult to paraphrase without changing the meaning or losing the touch on, it could be worth quoting direct.
How many quotes should you use?
The corporeality of quotes you should include depends on your subject of report and topic of research.
In scientific subjects, the data itself is more important than how it was expressed, so quotes should generally be kept to a minimum. In the arts and humanities, however, well-chosen quotes are often essential to a good paper.
In social sciences, the corporeality of quotes you utilise depends partly on whether you're doing qualitative or quantitative inquiry. If yous're dealing mainly with numbers and statistics, y'all shouldn't include many quotes, simply if you lot're dealing mainly with words, you lot will need to quote from the data you lot collected.
As a full general guideline, we recommend that quotes take up no more than 5–10% of your paper. If in dubiousness, check with your instructor or supervisor how much quoting is appropriate in your field.
Oft asked questions about quoting sources
- What is a block quote?
-
A block quote is a long quote formatted as a split "cake" of text. Instead of using quotation marks, you place the quote on a new line, and indent the unabridged quote to mark it apart from your own words.
The rules for when to utilise block quote formatting depend on the commendation style:
- APA block quotes are 40 words or longer.
- MLA block quotes are more than than 4 lines of prose or iii lines of verse.
- Chicago block quotes are longer than 100 words.
- What is verbatim plagiarism?
-
Verbatim plagiarism ways copying text from a source and pasting it directly into your own document without giving proper credit.
Even if you delete a few words or supercede them with synonyms, it however counts as verbatim plagiarism.
To apply an author'south verbal words, quote the original source past putting the copied text in quotation marks and including an in-text commendation.
If you're worried abotu plagiarism, consider running your work through a plagiarism checker tool prior to submission, which piece of work by using advanced database software to scan for matches between your text and existing texts.
Scribbr'southward Plagiarism Checker takes less than 10 minutes and can assist you turn in your paper with confidence.
- What is incremental plagiarism?
-
Incremental plagiarism means inserting quotes, passages, or excerpts from other works into your assignment without properly citing the original source.
Even if the vast majority of the text is yours, including any content that isn't without citing it is plagiarism.
Consider using a plagiarism checker yourself before submitting your piece of work. Plagiarism checkers work by scanning your document, comparing it to a database of webpages and publications, and highlighting passages that appear similar to other texts.
Scribbr's Plagiarism Checker takes less than 10 minutes and can aid y'all turn in your paper with confidence.
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